ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PADA MATERI OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT DI SEKOLAH DASAR SISWA KELAS III

Abstract

This study aims to analyze in depth the difficulties in learning mathematics on the material of integer arithmetic operations in grade III elementary school students. Integer operations material is a very important basic competency because it forms the foundation for understanding mathematical concepts at the next level. However, in practice, many students still experience difficulties in understanding the concepts and procedures of these calculation operations. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation of the learning process, interviews with teachers and students, and analysis of student work results. The results show that students' learning difficulties can be classified into several aspects, namely conceptual, procedural, and application difficulties. In the context aspect, students do not fully understand the meaning of integers, especially in distinguishing positive and negative values. In the procedural aspect, students often make mistakes in the steps of arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction of integers. Meanwhile, in the application aspect, students experience difficulties in solving story problems that require an understanding of context. In addition to internal student factors, such as low abstract thinking skills and lack of interest in learning, external factors also have an influence, including other learning methods that are less varied, minimal use of concrete media, and lack of active interaction in the learning process. Therefore, innovations in learning are needed, such as the use of contextual approaches, manipulative media, and active learning strategies that can help students understand concepts more meaningfully. With these efforts, it is hoped that students' learning difficulties can be minimized and mathematics learning outcomes optimally improved.