KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM ALIRAN RELIGIUS-KONSERVATIF PERSPEKTIF AL-GHAZALI

Abstract

This article examines the concept of Islamic education within the religious-conservative (al-Muhafidz) school of thought, focusing on the fundamental ideas of Imam al-Ghazali. The conservative approach emphasizes the preservation of established religious values, traditions, and classical authoritative sources such as the Qur’an and Sunnah. This study analyzes major principles of the conservative educational framework, including the position of knowledge, the aims of education, the role of teachers, the characteristics of students, the structure of curriculum, and teaching methods formulated by al-Ghazali. Using a qualitative descriptive approach based on literature review from classical and contemporary references, the findings reveal that al-Ghazali views education as a means to purify the soul, develop noble character, strengthen faith, and guide human beings toward happiness in the hereafter. The curriculum is centered on religious sciences, moral cultivation, and practical knowledge that benefits both worldly and spiritual life. Teachers are positioned as moral exemplars, while students are expected to discipline their souls and show humility toward knowledge. This study also highlights the relevance of al-Ghazali’s educational thought to the Indonesian Islamic education system, especially within pesantren-based models that emphasize spirituality, moral discipline, and character development. Ultimately, the conservative perspective contributes significantly to contemporary Islamic education discourse by providing strong ethical foundations and spiritual orientation.