TEORI PENDIDIKAN BEHAVIORISME DAN KOGNITIVISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF BARAT DAN ISLAM

Abstract

This study aims to analyze and compare the educational theories of behaviorism and cognitivism from Western and Islamic perspectives. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with literature review as the primary method, this research explores the fundamental principles of both theories and examines their compatibility with Islamic educational values. In the Western view, behaviorism emphasizes stimulus-response and behavioral reinforcement, while cognitivism focuses on internal mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving. The Islamic perspective, on the other hand, views humans as holistic beings with spiritual, intellectual, and moral dimensions, thus placing emphasis not only on behavioral and cognitive aspects but also on the spiritual aspect. The findings indicate that although Western theories significantly contribute to the understanding of learning mechanisms, the Islamic approach adds a more holistic and meaningful transcendental dimension. Integrating Western theories with Islamic educational principles is considered essential in developing a balanced and comprehensive educational system in the modern era.