Teknik dan Prosedur Penelitian dalam Studi Pendidikan: Sebuah Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to systematically examine the concepts, types, and implementation of research techniques and procedures in educational studies through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review analyzes scholarly literature addressing data collection techniques, data analysis methods, research procedural stages, as well as the role of ethics, validity, and reliability in ensuring the quality of educational research. Data were obtained from accredited national journals and reputable international journals published within the last ten years and accessed through academic databases. The selected articles were analyzed thematically to identify patterns, trends, and common methodological practices in educational research. The findings indicate that the most commonly used data collection techniques include interviews, observations, questionnaires, and document analysis, while data analysis techniques are generally categorized into qualitative and quantitative approaches. Systematic research procedures, ranging from problem formulation to research reporting, play a crucial role in ensuring the validity and replicability of research findings. In addition, the application of research ethics, validity, and reliability is a key factor in maintaining the integrity and objectivity of research outcomes. These findings are expected to serve as a conceptual reference for students, researchers, and educators in designing and conducting high-quality and academically responsible educational research.