PERUBAHAN FUNGSI SUNGAI DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT KOTA BANJARMASIN PADA ERA REFORMASI HINGGA MASA KINI (1998-2025)

Abstract

historical development of Banjarmasin City, serving various functions such as transportation routes, social spaces, centers of economic activities, and elements of local culture. However, over time, the functions of rivers have gradually changed due to urbanization, population growth, shifts in settlement patterns, and increasing pressure on river ecosystems. This literature review aims to analyze the transformation of river functions in the lives of the people of Banjarmasin during the period 1998–2025 through a literature study approach, supported by data obtained from scientific articles, research reports, and other relevant references concerning river history. The findings indicate that rivers initially functioned primarily as routes for mobility and daily community activities. Over time, however, they have increasingly faced ecological challenges, including pollution, sedimentation, and declining water quality. On the other hand, rivers continue to retain significant social and cultural values that remain embedded in the lives of Banjarmasin residents. Although government policies have sought to address these issues, various obstacles persist, particularly in relation to environmental management and public awareness. It can therefore be concluded that rivers in Banjarmasin no longer serve solely as a means of sustaining community life; rather, they have undergone a transformation into contested spaces where economic, social, cultural, and environmental conservation interests intersect.